I. Paʻakikī Rockwell (HR)
Kaomi ma aneʻi no nā kikoʻī e pili ana i kā mākou huahana.
1. Kumumanaʻo

Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi cone daimana (me kahi kihi apex 120°) a i ʻole kahi pōpō kila (me ke anawaena o 1.59mm a i ʻole 3.18mm) ma ke ʻano he indenter, e kaomi iā ia i loko o ka ʻili o ka mea ma lalo o ka hana o kahi ukana mua a me kahi ukana nui. Hoʻomaulia ʻia ka waiwai paʻakikī ma muli o ka hohonu o ke indentation—ʻo ka hohonu o ke indentation, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka waiwai paʻakikī.

2. Nā ʻano

- ʻO ka wikiwiki hoʻāʻo wikiwiki a me ka hana maʻalahi, kūpono no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻāpana.
- Hiki ke hoʻāʻo i nā mea paʻakikī waena a kiʻekiʻe.
- Loaʻa nā unahi he nui ma muli o ka paʻakikī o nā mea:
- HRA: Hoʻohana i kahi ukana 60kg a me kahi indenter daimana, kūpono no nā mea paʻakikī loa e like me nā carbides i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
- HRB: Hoʻohana i ka ukana 100kg a me kahi indenter pōpō kila, kūpono no ke kila palupalu, nā mea hao keleawe, nā mea hao alumini, a pēlā aku.
- HRC: Hoʻohana i ka ukana 150kg a me kahi indenter daimana, kūpono no ke kila i hoʻopau ʻia, nā metala paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, a pēlā aku.

3. Nā noi maʻamau

Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo wikiwiki ʻana i ka paʻakikī o nā huahana metala e like me nā mea ʻokiʻoki, nā bearings, nā kia, a me nā ʻāpana hao i hoʻolei ʻia.

II. Paʻakikī Brinell (HBW)

1. Kumumanaʻo

Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pōpō metala paʻakikī o kekahi anawaena (maʻamau he 10mm) i loko o ka ʻili o ka mea ma lalo o kahi ukana i kuhikuhi ʻia, a ua helu ʻia ka waiwai paʻakikī ma muli o ke anawaena indentation.
Nā ʻano maʻamau o ka paʻakikī Brinell:

- HBS: Hoʻohana i kahi indenter pōpō kila, kūpono no nā mea me ka paʻakikī ≤ 450 HB, e like me ke kila palupalu, ka hao hoʻolei hina, a me nā metala ʻole-ferrous.
- HBW: Hoʻohana i kahi indenter pōpō metala paʻakikī, kūpono no nā mea me ka paʻakikī ≤ 650 HB, a ʻo ia ke ʻano nui o nā kūlana hou.

2. Nā ʻano

- Nā hopena paʻa a me ka hana hou maikaʻi.
- Kūpono no nā metala paʻakikī palupalu a waena.
- He nui iki ke komo ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono no nā ʻāpana lahilahi a liʻiliʻi paha.

3. Nā noi maʻamau

Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī o nā mea maka a me nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia me ka ʻino, e like me ke kila annealed, ka hao hao, a me nā metala non-ferrous a me kā lākou mau mea hui.

III. Paʻakikī Vickers (HV)

1. Kumumanaʻo

Hoʻohana ʻia kahi indenter daimana pyramid huinaha me kahi kihi apex 136° e kaomi i loko o ka ʻili o ka mea ma lalo o kahi ukana i kuhikuhi ʻia, a ua helu ʻia ka waiwai paʻakikī ma muli o ka lōʻihi diagonal o ke indentation.

2. Nā ʻano

- Kiʻekiʻe pololei: Hiki ke ana pololei i ka paʻakikī, ʻoiai no nā wahi liʻiliʻi loa (e laʻa me nā micro-regions o nā mea).
- Ka laulā o ka noi: Kūpono no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea ma kahi ākea o ka paʻakikī, mai nā metala palupalu (e like me nā mea hoʻohui alumini) a i nā mea paʻakikī loa (e like me nā carbides i hoʻopaʻa ʻia).
- Ke komo liʻiliʻi loa: ʻO ke komo liʻiliʻi i waiho ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o ka mea e pale aku i nā ʻāpana hana hōʻino, e kūpono ai no nā ʻāpana paia lahilahi, nā uhi ʻili, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka micro-area.

3. Nā noi maʻamau

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakikī o nā ʻāpana kikoʻī, nā uhi ʻili, a me nā pepa lahilahi—no ka laʻana, ke ana ʻana i ka paʻakikī o nā uhi pūpū kelepona paʻalima e hōʻoia i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka ʻaʻahu. Eia kekahi, he mea nui ia i ka noiʻi ʻepekema no ka nānā ʻana i ka paʻakikī o nā ʻāpana microscopic, e like me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka paʻakikī o nā palena palaoa a me nā palena pae i nā mea e aʻo ai i nā waiwai microscopic mea.

4. Hoʻohālikelike o nā ʻano hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻekolu

5. Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
Loaʻa i nā ʻano hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻekolu ko lākou mau pono ponoʻī. Pono e koho piha ʻia ke ʻano kūpono loa ma muli o nā ʻano mea, ke ʻano o ka laʻana, ka laulā paʻakikī a me nā koi kikoʻī e loaʻa ai nā hopena hoʻāʻo kūpono loa.

Kaomi ma aneʻi no nā kikoʻī e pili ana i kā mākou huahana.